Temperature, Disease, and Death in London: Analyzing Weekly Data for the Century from 1866 to 1965
利用伦敦1866-1965年的周度死亡率数据，研究发现19世纪末温暖周导致死亡率上升，主要因婴儿消化疾病死亡；一战后该模式消失，避免了数千例热相关死亡，表明改善疾病环境能显著改变高温对死亡率的影响。
Using novel weekly mortality data for London spanning 1866-1965, we analyze the changing relationship between temperature and mortality as the city developed. Our main results show that warm weeks led to elevated mortality in the late nineteenth century, mainly due to infant deaths from digestive diseases. However, this pattern largely disappeared after WWI as infant digestive diseases became less prevalent. The resulting change in the temperature-mortality relationship meant that thousands of heat-related deaths—equal to 0.9-1.4 percent of all deaths— were averted. These findings show that improving the disease environment can dramatically alter the impact of high temperature on mortality.