The price of remoteness: product availability and local cost of living in Ethiopia
利用埃塞俄比亚消费者价格指数下的微观数据，研究了401种商品在106个城市的价格和可得性差异，发现偏远城市价格更高、产品更少，而大城市价格高但产品更丰富，并构建了考虑可得性的生活成本指数。
Abstract We use the microdata underlying the Ethiopian consumer price index to examine the spatial dispersion in local prices and availability of 401 items across 106 cities. Remote cities face higher prices and have access to fewer products. Large cities also face higher individual prices but enjoy access to a wider set of products. To assess the welfare implications of these patterns, we aggregate the data and build spatial cost-of-living indexes that account for both the price of available products and product availability. The cost of living is higher in remote and large cities. Moving from the first to the ninth decile in terms of remoteness (holding population size constant) results in an 8.3 per cent increase in the cost of living. A comparable move in terms of population size (holding remoteness constant) leads to a 3.7 per cent increase in the cost of living.