Technology Choice and Coalition Formation in Standards Wars
研究了标准战争中技术联盟竞争的标准制定效率，发现事前协议可能降低福利，因为企业利益与社会利益不一致，而纳入采用者可能恢复效率。
We study the efficiency of the standard‐setting process when standards result from competition between groups of firms sponsoring different technologies. We show that ex ante agreements may decrease welfare in the case of standards wars: Even though industry profits are larger with ex ante agreements, welfare is not necessarily larger, because the interests of firms and society may not be aligned. This result contrasts with the findings of previous works studying de jure monopoly standards. Including adopters in the standard‐setting process may restore the efficiency of ex ante agreements.