A theory of capitalist co-optation of radical alternatives: The case of Islamic banking industry
运用批判理论描述资本主义如何通过收编过程削弱激进替代方案的解放潜力，以全球伊斯兰银行业为案例，揭示其原本挑战现状的理念如何被效率话语主导，最终反而复制了现有秩序。
In this article, we use the critical theory literature to describe the processes of co-optation by which capitalism engages with its radical alternatives in order to subvert their emancipatory potential. We chose the global Islamic banking industry as our empirical context, which represents bold efforts to build a radical alternative embedded in Islamic moral precepts. However, we observed that the performative intent of capitalist discourse, reflected in a strong preoccupation with effectiveness and efficiency, has come to dominate all economic claims in the Islamic banking industry. The oppositional ideas that were intended to disturb the economic status quo now reproduce it along with its privileges, despite the vaulted rhetoric about establishing a genuine alternative. The article ends by mapping out some implications of re-introducing co-optation in the critical theory literature.