How Close Is Close? The Spatial Reach of Agglomeration Economies
研究集聚经济效应随距离衰减的规律，发现其影响范围从区域、都市区到邻里乃至建筑内部，且邻近活动的影响最强，对城市空间结构、商业地产及政策制定有参考价值。
This paper considers the attenuation of agglomeration economies. Put another way: how close is close? The paper presents evidence of agglomeration effects operating at various levels of spatial aggregation, including the regional, metropolitan, and neighborhood scales. In fact, agglomeration effects also seem to operate below the neighborhood level, including within buildings and organizations. These effects attenuate, with nearby activity exerting the strongest effects. The attenuation of agglomeration economies has implications for urban spatial structure, the microfoundations of agglomeration economies, and commercial real estate. It also affects the ability of governments and businesses to internalize agglomeration economies.