Hardening subnational budget constraints via administrative subordination: The Italian experience of recovery plans in regional health services
研究了意大利中央政府对赤字地区实施的恢复计划，发现该计划有效消除了地方赤字，且未对医疗服务和居民健康产生显著负面影响，可能提高了支出效率。
Since 2007, Italian regions running large deficits underwent recovery plans (Piani di Rientro) imposed by the central government. The goal was twofold: regions were asked (i) to restore a balanced budget and (ii) to continue supply the set of services defined by the constitution. We investigate whether recovery plans have reached their objectives. Our evidence suggests that recovery plans have proved to be an effective mechanism to eliminate subnational governments deficits. We also do not find any significant effects on health care utilization and on citizens' health. Overall, spending efficiency has likely improved.