Faithful Strategies: How Religion Shapes Nonprofit Management
研究了德国天主教和新教非营利医院的不同战略，发现天主教医院追求横向多元化和患者数量最大化，而新教医院则专注于横向专业化和垂直差异化，提供更复杂的服务。
This paper studies the strategies employed by Catholic and Protestant nonprofit hospitals in Germany and traces them back to the theological foundations of those religions. Using a unique data set, we find that Catholic nonprofit hospitals follow a strategy of horizontal diversification and maximization of the number of patients treated. By contrast, Protestant hospitals pursue a strategy of horizontal specialization and focus on vertical differentiation, putting in more sophisticated inputs and producing more complex services. These effects increase if the environment of a hospital gets more competitive. We present a model that rationalizes the strategic differences as a result of the difference between Catholic and Protestant values identified in the literature. We then test alternative explanations to the observed empirical differences and show that none of them is supported by the data. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2945 . This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.