Transportation and Health in the Antebellum United States, 1820–1847
研究了1820-1847年美国农村地区交通发展对健康的影响，发现交通通达度提高导致人口密度增加、流行病环境恶化，进而使平均身高下降，可解释同期身高下降的37%。
I study the impact of transportation on health in the rural United States, 1820–1847. Measuring health by average stature, I find that greater transportation linkage, as measured by market access, in a cohort’s county-year of birth had an adverse impact on its health. A one-standard-deviation increase in market access reduced average stature by 0.14 inches, and rising market access over the study period can explain 37 percent of the contemporaneous decline in average stature, known as the Antebellum Puzzle . I find evidence that transportation affected health by increasing population density, leading to a worse epidemiological environment.