COMMON‐ENEMY EFFECTS: MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANTECEDENTS AND ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES
这篇综述梳理了多个学科中关于共同敌人效应（即面对共同敌人时合作增加）的研究，并用非合作博弈理论区分了四种解释路径，适合对合作行为、博弈论或跨学科研究感兴趣的学者快速了解该领域全貌。
Abstract A disparate literature hypothesizes what can broadly be described as the common‐enemy effect: the fact that the interaction with a common enemy (formed by Nature, an individual, or a group) increases cooperation. This review identifies the multidisciplinary antecedents of this effect, and then distinguishes between several strands of literature applying noncooperative game theory to account for it. A first strand argues that the threat posed by a common enemy makes each player's cooperative effort more critical. In a second strand a behavioral common‐enemy effect caused by group interaction is studied experimentally. A third strand models the common‐enemy effect as the formation of a coalition of players against another player in a contest. A fourth strand formalizes the principle that the ‘enemy of my enemy is my friend’, either in a model of social relations, interdependent altruistic preferences, or indirect reciprocity in repeated games. The connections between these strands of literature are investigated, and questions for future research are proposed.