Kicking the habit is hard: A hybrid choice model investigation into the role of addiction in smoking behavior
通过美国吸烟者的选择实验数据，用潜变量模型研究成瘾如何影响吸烟选择，发现成瘾者更偏爱香烟、不愿转向电子烟，且对尼古丁价值评估更高，为尼古丁减量政策提供依据。
Use of choice models is growing rapidly in tobacco research. These models are being used to answer key policy questions. However, certain aspects of smokers' choice behavior are not well understood. One such feature is addiction. Here, we address this issue by modeling data from a choice experiment on the US smokers. We model addiction using a latent variable. We use this latent variable to understand the relationship between choices and addiction, giving attention to nicotine levels. We find that more addicted smokers have stronger preferences for cigarettes and are unwilling to switch to e-cigarettes. Addicted smokers value nicotine in tobacco products to a much greater extent than those that are less addicted. Lastly, we forecast short-term responses to lowering nicotine levels in cigarettes. The results suggest that current nicotine-focused policies could be effective at encouraging addicted smokers to less harmful products and lead to substantial public health gains.