Black and White: Access to Capital Among Minority-Owned Start-ups
利用考夫曼企业调查的保密数据，研究发现黑人创业企业起步规模更小且持续八年，融资困难主要源于信用评分较低和对银行歧视的预期，即使信用良好也较少申请贷款。
We used confidential and restricted-access data from the Kauffman Firm Survey and matched administrative data on credit scores to explore racial disparities in access to capital for new business ventures. The novel results on racial inequality in start-up financing indicate that Black-owned start-ups start smaller and stay smaller over the entire first eight years of their existence. Black start-ups face more difficulty in raising external capital, especially external debt. We find that disparities in creditworthiness constrain Black entrepreneurs, but perceptions of treatment by banks also hold them back. Black entrepreneurs apply for loans less often than White entrepreneurs largely because they expect to be denied credit, even when they have a good credit history and in settings where strong local banks favor new business development. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.