Testing the Water: Drinking Water Quality, Public Notification, and Child Outcomes
研究利用水质违规时间变化，分析其对回避行为（如购买瓶装水）和儿童健康（如急诊、缺课）的影响，发现及时通知能有效减少健康损害。
Abstract Health-based drinking water violations affect about one in twelve Americans annually, yet the benefits of drinking water regulation are not well understood. I exploit plausibly exogenous variation in water quality violation timing to estimate the impacts on avoidance behavior and child outcomes. Using purchases of bottled water and common stomach remedies, emergency room visits for gastrointestinal illness, and school absences, I provide a comprehensive calculation of costs associated with poor drinking water quality. Individuals avoid the negative health impacts of coliform bacteria violations only when informed immediately. Timely public notification is a cost-effective way to induce avoidance behavior and protect health.