Political Connections Reduce Job Creation: Firm-level Evidence from Lebanon
研究发现黎巴嫩有政治关联的企业虽然自身创造更多就业，但其存在会抑制同行业其他企业的就业增长，导致行业整体就业减少。
Using firm-level data, we document that politically connected firms (PCFs) create more jobs than unconnected firms in Lebanon. We observe, however, that the presence of PCFs in a sector is correlated with lower job creation. Although causality is difficult to establish due to endogeneity issues, we find that PCFs expand, and non-PCFs retract, more around elections. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that unfair competition by PCFs hurts unconnected competitors so much that aggregate employment growth in the sector is affected negatively.