Going Beneath the Surface: Petroleum Pollution, Regulation, and Health
量化了地下储油罐泄漏对健康的影响，发现孕期暴露使低出生体重和早产概率增加7-8%，而合规的预防技术可完全消除低出生体重风险，信息则促使高学历母亲规避和搬迁。
This paper quantifies the health impacts of petroleum leaks from underground storage tanks, the effectiveness of tank regulation, and the role of information as a policy tool in the same setting. Exposure to a leaking underground storage tank during gestation increases both the probability of low birthweight and preterm birth by 7–8 percent. Compliance with regulations requiring the adoption of preventative technologies mitigated the entire effect of leak exposure on low birthweight, and information increased avoidance and moving among highly educated mothers. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest the health benefits of preventative regulations exceed the upgrade cost to facilities.