The Limits of Traditional Bargaining under Deep Integration: TTIP Stumbling over Technical Barriers to Trade
本文以TTIP谈判为例，指出技术性贸易壁垒（标准、法规、合格评定程序）构成制度互补的技术基础设施，改变它可能损害其有效性，导致各方只能提出不可接受的妥协方案，从而限制了谈判空间。
Abstract Removing so‐called technical barriers to trade is a critical aspect of contemporary deep integration trade agreements. Yet, these barriers – standards, regulations, conformity assessment procedures – form a set of institutional complementarities, named technical infrastructure, which performs a central role for the functioning of integrated markets. Drawing on evidence from the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) the paper illustrates that this contradiction reduced the negotiators' bargaining leeway. Changing a technical infrastructure comes at the risk of undermining its effectiveness. Therefore, each party could only offer an unacceptable compromise: Transforming the other's technical infrastructure towards one's own technical infrastructure.