Taxation and the stagnation of cotton exports in Brazil, 1800–60†
研究了19世纪初巴西棉花出口停滞的原因，发现中央政府为增加收入对高质量长绒棉征收高额出口税，导致短绒棉利润下降，而短绒棉正是当时欧洲需求增长最快的品种。
Abstract Brazil's northern region supplied 40 per cent of the cotton imported into Liverpool during the last decade of the eighteenth century. In the following decades, however, cotton exports stagnated, and Brazil became the only major international cotton producer that decreased its exports to European countries. This article shows that the fiscal policies of Brazil's central government had a significant role on the decline of cotton exports. The central government set export taxes to maximize revenue from higher‐quality long‐staple cotton, decreasing the profitability of short staples, which saw the largest increase in demand during the nineteenth century.