Compete, Cooperate, or Both? Integrating the Demand Side into Patent Deployment Strategies for the Commercialization and Licensing of Technology
研究创新企业面对在位企业时，如何根据技术强度、市场或议价能力以及需求波动，选择竞争、合作或竞合模式来部署专利，以最大化创新收益。
Profiting from innovation typically involves a choice between commercializing a patented technology \nin the product market to exploit proprietary advantage (i.e., competition) or licensing the technology \nto an incumbent in the market for ideas (a form of cooperation). A firm may thus deploy a patented \ntechnology in ways that may differ in their aggressiveness toward, or accommodation of, competitors. \nWe analyze the deployment of patented technology employing either competition or collaboration \nmodes, or both together (i.e., coopetition), as well as switching among them across demand states or \nover time, or delaying these choices until more information is available. We thus view a patent as a \nbundle of real options that enables a firm manage not only the classic tension between commitment \nand flexibility but also the tension between competition and cooperation. We develop theory and \npropositions to predict which of these patent deployment modes will be chosen by an innovator facing \nan established firm as a function of the strength of the technology, market or bargaining power and \nother market conditions, particularly the level and volatility of market demand.