Scientific Education and Innovation: From Technical Diplomas to University Stem Degrees
利用意大利理工科专业入学要求的变化，研究了大学理工科教育对学生创新和劳动力市场结果的影响，发现理工科学位改变了创新方向并帮助个人进入企业高层参与创新，但也改变了职业选择。
Abstract This paper studies the effects of university STEM education on innovation and labor market outcomes by exploiting a change in enrollment requirements in Italian STEM majors. University-level scientific education had two direct effects on the development of patents by students who had acquired a STEM degree. First, the policy changed the direction of their innovation. Second, it allowed these individuals to reach top positions within firms and be more involved in the innovation process. STEM degrees, however, also changed occupational sorting. Some higher-achieving individuals used STEM degrees to enter jobs that required university-level education, but did not focus on patenting.