Dynamics of Open Innovation in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Metacognitive Approach
本文开发了一个结合认知映射与决策试验评估实验室技术的元认知框架，用于分析开放式创新对中小企业的影响，并通过专家小组会议收集数据验证了因果关系。
Open innovation (OI) is clearly becoming increasingly important to organizations. Studying its impacts has become a challenge as assessing OI possible effects on not only performance but also processes, time, and people is difficult and complex. To move beyond these barriers, this article develops a metacognitive framework that combines cognitive mapping—supported by the strategic options development and analysis approach—and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory technique. This dual methodology facilitates analyses of specific OI-related impacts on small- or medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The data were collected from SME managers and entrepreneurs who agreed to participate in an expert panel in face-to-face group meetings. The findings include that the methodologies used facilitate the identification and understanding of cause-and-effect relationships among OI determinants in SMEs, and were validated by the participants and a project manager at COTEC Portugal— <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Associação Empresarial para a Inovação</i> (Business Association for Innovation). This organization is a leading think-and-action network for advancing technology diffusion and business innovation cooperation. The contributions and limitations of the proposed methodology are also analyzed.