Xenophobia, the Unconscious, the Public Sphere and Brexit
从个体、群体和国家的无意识视角分析仇外心理，强调幻想的作用，并以英国脱欧为例说明领导人如何利用仇外话语激发焦虑、恐惧和愤怒等情绪，为理解公共领域中的心理动力机制提供新视角。
We examine xenophobia from the perspective of the unconscious of individuals, groups and nations, emphasizing the role of fantasy, and arguing that some leaders use xenophobic discourse to exploit fantasies arising from emotions such as anxiety, fear and anger. We discuss this in the context of the public sphere as conceptualized by Habermas. We illustrate this with reference to an analysis of the psychic life of ‘Brexit’, the UK decision to exit the European Union in 2016, arguing that Brexit was one expression of the unconscious life of a nation. We contribute to our understanding of xenophobia and the role of psychodynamic forces within the public sphere by highlighting the key role of the unconscious and its ability to be influenced by leaders. We conclude by reflecting on how we might work to counter xenophobia and its fantasies.