Correcting for Cross-Sectional and Time-Series Dependence in Accounting Research
评估了会计文献中常用的横截面与时间序列依赖修正方法，发现现有方法无法同时处理两种依赖，导致检验统计量有误，并举例说明其对资本成本、债务成本和稳健性文献结论的影响。
ABSTRACT: We review and evaluate the methods commonly used in the accounting literature to correct for cross-sectional and time-series dependence. While much of the accounting literature studies settings in which variables are cross-sectionally and serially correlated, we find that the extant methods are not robust to both forms of dependence. Contrary to claims in the literature, we find that the Z2 statistic and Newey-West corrected Fama-MacBeth standard errors do not correct for both cross-sectional and time-series dependence. We show that extant methods produce misspecified test statistics in common accounting research settings, and that correcting for both forms of dependence substantially alters inferences reported in the literature. Specifically, several findings in the implied cost of equity capital literature, the cost of debt literature, and the conservatism literature appear not to be robust to the use of well-specified test statistics.