Input Chains and Industrialization
指出工业化核心是采用规模报酬递增的工业技术，这些技术通过中间投入链扩散且密集使用中间品，导致技术相似的国家工业化水平和收入差异巨大，而生产率的小幅提升可能触发全面工业化。
A key aspect of industrialization is the adoption of increasing-returns-to-scale, industrial, technologies. Two other, well-documented aspects are that industrial technologies are adopted throughout intermediate-input chains and that they use intermediate inputs intensively relative to the technologies they replace. These features of industrial technologies combined imply that countries with access to similar technologies may have very different levels of industrialization and income, even if the degree of increasing returns to scale at the firm level is relatively small. Furthermore, a small improvement in the productivity of industrial technologies can trigger fullscale industrialization and a large increase in income.