IP Modularity: Profiting from Innovation by Aligning Product Architecture with Intellectual Property
提出“IP模块化”概念，帮助企业通过调整技术系统的模块结构，在分布式创新和外包中平衡价值创造与价值捕获，并提供了设计评估价值捕获策略的框架。
Firms seeking to take advantage of distributed innovation and outsourcing can bridge the tension between value creation and value capture by modifying the modular structure of their technical systems. Specifically, this article introduces the concept of “IP modularity,” which seeks to protect and capture value from intellectual property. The article defines what it means for a system to be “IP-modular,” illustrates the application of this concept in a number of practical situations, and presents a comprehensive framework that can be used to design and evaluate value capture strategies for modular systems.