The Death Toll from Natural Disasters: The Role of Income, Geography, and Institutions
利用73个国家1980-2002年灾害死亡数据，检验了收入、制度和地理对自然灾害死亡人数的影响，发现富裕国家和高质量制度国家死亡更少，对理解全球变暖影响有启示。
Using a new data set on annual deaths from disasters in 73 nations from 1980 to 2002, this paper tests several hypotheses concerning natural-disaster mitigation. Though richer nations do not experience fewer natural disasters than poorer nations, richer nations do suffer less death from disaster. Economic development provides implicit insurance against nature's shocks. Democracies and nations with higher-quality institutions suffer less death from natural disaster. Because climate change is expected to increase the frequency of natural disasters such as floods, these results have implications for the incidence of global warming. © 2005 President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.