Formal versus Informal Finance: Evidence from China
基于2400家中国企业的数据，研究发现正式银行融资与企业增长正相关，而非正式融资则无此效应，且银行腐败对信贷分配影响不显著。
Abstract: China is often mentioned as a counterexample to the findings in the finance and growth literature since, despite the weaknesses in its banking system, it is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The fast growth of Chinese private sector firms is taken as evidence that it is alternative financing and governance mechanisms that support China’s growth. This paper takes a closer look at firm financing patterns and growth using a database of 2400 Chinese firms. We find that a relatively small percentage of firms in our sample utilize formal bank finance with a much greater reliance on informal sources. However, our results suggest that despite its weaknesses, financing from the formal financial system is associated with faster firm growth, whereas fund raising from alternative channels is not. Using a selection model, we find no evidence that these results arise because of the selection of firms that have access to the formal financial system. While firms report bank corruption, we do not find evidence that it significantly affects the allocation of credit or the performance of firms that receive the credit. Our findings suggest that the role of reputation and relationship based financing and governance mechanisms in financing the fastest growing firms in China is likely to be overestimated.