English individualism refuted—and reasserted: the land market of Earls Colne (Essex), 1550–1750
基于1546-1750年土地市场数据，反驳麦克法兰关于家庭与土地关系的个人主义观点，发现长期家族土地占有是常态，且与活跃的小块土地市场并存。
Earls Colne first came to the notice of historians through Macfarlane's study of its seventeenth‐century vicar, Ralph Josselin, and then Macfarlane's use of evidence from the village in his The origins of English individualism (1978). This article presents preliminary results drawn from a computer‐based reconstruction of the copyhold land market, 1546‐1750, to contest Macfarlane's reading of the family‐land bond in the manor. The familial possession of land over long periods is shown to be normal, and consistent with an active land market predominantly in smaller parcels. Little consolidation took place in the manor although some growth in holding size was achieved through subtenancy. Finally, the article asks whether the experience of copyholders is typical of the general.