Incentives for Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Reputations
研究了金钱激励对志愿行为的影响，发现声誉关注（如显得亲社会或不贪婪）的重要性与个人过去的志愿经历有关，公开历史会降低激励效果。
Do monetary incentives encourage volunteering? Or, do they introduce concerns about appearing greedy and crowd out the motivation to volunteer? Since the importance of such image concerns is normally unobserved, the answer is theoretically unclear, and corresponding empirical evidence is mixed. To help counter this ambiguity, this paper proposes that the importance of image concerns—such as the desire to appear prosocial and not to appear greedy—relates to individuals’ volunteer reputations. Experimental results support this possibility. Individuals with past histories of volunteering are less responsive to image concerns if their histories are public, or if their prosocial tendencies are already known. Consistent with a decreased importance of appearing prosocial, they are less likely to volunteer. Consistent with a decreased importance of not appearing greedy, they are less likely to be discouraged by public incentives. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2685 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.