The network origins of the gains from trade
用网络视角研究国际贸易收益，将标准贸易模型转化为网络扩散模型，通过上游和下游暴露度两个统计量刻画生产网络结构，并揭示它们如何决定贸易成本冲击的福利效应。
This paper develops a network perspective on the gains from trade in today's international supply chains. In particular, we demonstrate that the comparative statics predictions of a standard general-equilibrium trade model with input-output linkages can be expressed as a network diffusion model. This model captures the relevant dimensions of the production network's structure by just two easily quantifiable statistics: A country's upstream exposure to supply shocks further up in the network and its downstream exposure to demand shocks further down. We then show how up- and downstream exposure crucially determine the welfare effects from various types of trade cost shocks. In some cases, they even capture the entire welfare effect.