STRATEGIC EFFECTS OF THREE‐PART TARIFFS UNDER OLIGOPOLY
研究三部定价（3PT）与线性定价（LP）在寡头垄断下的竞争效应差异，发现产品替代性决定竞争强度：差异化大时竞争加剧，替代性强时竞争缓和。
The distinct element of a three‐part tariff (3PT), compared with linear pricing (LP) or a two‐part tariff, is its quantity target within which the marginal price is zero. This quantity target instrument enriches the firm's strategy set in dictating the competition to a specific level, even in the absence of a usual price discrimination motive. With general differentiated linear demands, the competitive effect of a 3PT in contrast to LP depends on the degree of substitutability between products: Competition is intensified when two products are more differentiated, yet softened when two products are more substitutable.