Payment Card Interchange Fees and Price Discrimination
研究了支付卡平台在价格歧视下仍会设置过低卡费导致过度使用，即使卡费可因零售商类型调整，该偏差依然存在，并用于分析欧盟对跨国差异交换费的反对。
We consider the implications of platform price discrimination in the context of card platforms. Despite the platform's ability to price discriminate, we show that it will set fees for card usage that are too low, resulting in excessive usage of cards. We show this bias remains even if card fees (or rewards) can be conditioned on each type of retailer that the cardholder transacts with. We use our model to consider the European Commission's objection to the rules card platforms have used to sustain differential interchange fees across European countries.