Employment Nondiscrimination Acts and Corporate Innovation
研究发现美国州级就业非歧视法案（禁止基于性取向和性别认同的歧视）能促进企业创新，表现为专利和专利引用显著增加，尤其对未实施亲同性恋政策的企业、同性恋人口多的州及人力资本密集型行业更明显。
We show that U.S. state-level employment nondiscrimination acts (ENDAs)—laws that prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity—spur innovation. We find a significant increase in patents and patent citations for firms headquartered in states that have passed ENDAs relative to firms headquartered in states that have not. This result is more pronounced for firms that previously have not implemented pro-gay nondiscrimination policies, for firms in states with a large homosexual population, and for firms in human capital-intensive industries. Lastly, we provide evidence suggesting that ENDAs affect innovation by matching employees, who are generally more creative than anti-gay employees, with innovative firms. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.