The District and the Global Economy: Exportation Versus Foreign Location
将产业区描述为创新中心，企业通过出口或异地设厂服务远方市场，但异地设厂会减缓创新速度并损害区域福利。
We depict an industrial district as a center of innovation where positive local spillovers sustain the endogenous invention of new goods by profit‐seeking firms. After invention, firms face a crucial choice between reaching distant markets by export or plant delocation. Attempts by firms to circumvent trade barriers through delocation slow down the pace of innovation and harm the welfare of the district.