Stakeholder Theory: A Libertarian Defense
本文论证利益相关者理论至少有一支源于自由意志主义思想，通过阐释工具性和规范性利益相关者理论的自由意志主义论据，构建了基于自由和自愿行动的“利益相关者资本主义”版本。
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to suggest that at least one strain of what has come to be called “stakeholder theory” has roots that are deeply libertarian. We begin by explicating both “stakeholder theory” and “libertarian arguments.” We show how there are libertarian arguments for both instrumental and normative stakeholder theory, and we construct a version of capitalism, called “stakeholder capitalism,” that builds on these libertarian ideas. We argue throughout that strong notions of “freedom” and “voluntary action” are the best possible underpinnings for stakeholder theory, and in doing so, seek to return “stakeholder theory” to its managerial and libertarian roots found in Freeman (1984).