Costly Collusion in Differentiated Industries
研究了当协调或维持合谋需要成本时，产品差异化程度越高反而越难维持合谋，这与无成本时的经典结论相反，且与实证中同质企业更易合谋的现象一致。
This paper demonstrates that increased product differentiation will make it more difficult to sustain collusion when it is costly to coordinate or maintain collusion. This result holds for a wide range of models, including all those commonly used to model competition between differentiated products. This contrasts with the previous theoretical literature, which shows that, in the absence of these costs, greater differentiation can help foster collusion under some common models of product differentiation but is consistent with the empirical literature, which suggests that collusion tends to occur most among homogeneous firms.