Integrated soil fertility management and household welfare in Ethiopia
研究了埃塞俄比亚农户采用综合土壤肥力管理技术对家庭收入、粮食安全和教育的影响，发现福利效果因地区而异，与劳动力重新分配有关。
Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) is a set of locally adapted soil fertility technologies and improved agronomic practices promoted to enhance soil fertility, crop productivity and incomes of smallholder farmers. While the suite of practices is site-specific, the use of improved seeds, organic and inorganic fertilizers constitute core ISFM technologies. ISFM is mostly related to higher input and labor demand, but there is little evidence whether these investments pay off at the household level. Using data from maize, wheat and teff growing farmers in two agroecological zones in Ethiopia, we assess whether the adoption of core ISFM technologies is associated with changes in household welfare, measured by total household income, food security and education. In addition, we look into resource allocation decisions within the household as potential drivers of welfare outcomes. We use the inverse probability weighting regression adjustment method. Results show that adopting ISFM core components for maize, wheat or teff is associated with higher labor demand as well as income obtained from these crops in both agroecological zones. Yet, only in one agroecological region, it also goes along with enhanced household income, food security and school enrollment. By contrast, in the other region, we find that technology adoption for at least one of the three crops is related to a reduced likelihood of engaging in other economic activities, pointing towards labor reallocation effects. We conclude that welfare outcomes of agricultural innovations can be heterogeneous depending on farmers’ income diversification strategies.