A General Model of Dynamic Labor Demand
构建并估计了一个包含固定和二次可变调整成本的动态要素需求模型，利用航空公司和制造业工厂的就业数据，发现调整成本类型因行业而异，并指出宏观估计难以得出有用推论。
This study derives and estimates a dynamic model of factor demand that includes both fixed and quadratic variable costs of adjustment. Using quarterly data on the employment of mechanics at seven airlines, it finds that both types of adjustment costs characterize the dynamic constraints facing employers. Using monthly data covering production-worker employment in seven manufacturing plants, it shows that only fixed costs are important. The apparent diversity of the underlying costs of adjustment means it is difficult to draw useful inferences from macroeconometric estimates. It suggests the importance of examining broader arrays of microeconomic time series describing labor demand.