The Mechanics of the Industrial Revolution
计量分析了1760-1830年间英格兰各郡的增长模式差异，发现工业化发生在低工资但高机械技能的地区，而识字率、银行和煤炭邻近性解释力弱，且工业化北部实际工资大幅上升，南部下降。
Although there are many competing explanations for the Industrial Revolution, there has been no effort to evaluate them econometrically. This paper analyzes how the very different patterns of growth across the counties of England between the 1760s and 1830s can be explained by a wide range of potential variables. We find that industrialization occurred in areas that began with low wages but high mechanical skills, whereas other variables, such as literacy, banks, and proximity to coal, have little explanatory power. Against the view that living standards were stagnant during the Industrial Revolution, we find that real wages rose sharply in the industrializing north and declined in the previously prosperous south.