International Spillovers and Water Quality in Rivers: Do Countries Free Ride?
利用联合国全球排放监测系统的河流监测站数据，比较国际河流与国内河流的污染水平，发现搭便车行为可能显著加剧国际河流污染，但结果对是否加入国家效应敏感。
Transboundary spillovers may degrade environmental quality if countries free ride. This paper examines the extent of such degradation in water quality in international rivers. Using data from river monitoring stations in the UN's Global Emissions Monitoring System (GEMS), it compares pollution levels in international and domestic rivers. The results suggest that free riding may substantially increase pollution in international rivers, but the estimates are sensitive to the inclusion of country effects.