Industry Dynamics and Competition from Low‐Wage Countries: Evidence on Italy
利用1995-2007年意大利230个制造业部门的数据，发现低工资国家的进口渗透对国内就业和活动有负面影响，但在技能、资本和研发密集型部门以及垂直差异化部门中影响较小，且通过行业间关联产生不同效应。
Abstract This article analyses the effect of competition from low‐wage countries on domestic activity, using data on 230 Italian manufacturing sectors between 1995 and 2007. It finds that low‐wage import penetration is negatively related to employment and other measures of activity. The effect is significantly smaller in more skill, capital and R&D‐intensive sectors and in more vertically differentiated sectors. There is also evidence of significant effects of low‐wage competition through inter‐industry linkages: employment is negatively related to low‐wage import penetration in downstream sectors but positively related to low‐wage import penetration in upstream sectors.