WHAT IS SOCIALISM TODAY? CONCEPTIONS OF A COOPERATIVE ECONOMY
提出几种社会主义变体，以企业所有权的不同财产关系为特征，并用合作精神取代资本主义的个人主义精神，论证康德式优化如何将公平与效率分离，为理解当代社会主义提供思路。
Abstract Socialism is back on the political agenda in the United States. I propose several variants of socialism, characterized by different kinds of property relation in the ownership of firms. In addition to property relations, a conception of socialism should include a specification of the cooperative ethos , in place of the individualistic ethos of capitalist society. Individualistic economic agents will optimize in the manner of John Nash, whereas cooperative ones do so in the manner of Immanuel Kant. I argue that Kantian optimization decentralizes resource allocation in ways that separate issues of equity (income distribution) from efficiency. I offer tentative thoughts concerning how we should conceive of socialism today.