Intermediation Reduces Punishment (and Reward)
实验发现，第三方对不公平行为的惩罚会因中间人的介入而减少，即使中间人完全被动且加剧了不平等；同样，慈善捐赠的奖励也会因中间人更显眼而降低。
This paper shows moral decision making is not well predicted by the overall fairness of an act but rather by the fairness of the consequences that follow directly. In laboratory experiments, third-party punishment for keeping money from a poorer player decreases when an intermediary actor is included in the transaction. This is true for completely passive intermediaries, even though intermediation decreases the payout of the poorest player and hurts equity, and because intermediation distances the transgressor from the outcome. A separate study shows rewards of charitable giving decrease when the saliency of an intermediary is increased.