Accounting for the new gains from trade liberalization
挑战了贸易自由化带来品种和生产率提升的普遍观点，指出进口品种收益被国内品种损失抵消，国内生产率收益被进口生产率损失抵消，并以加美自由贸易协定为例，发现加拿大实际遭受了净“新”损失。
We challenge the conventional wisdom on the variety and productivity gains from trade liberalization which are commonly referred to as "new" gains from trade. In particular, we show that the import variety gains measured in studies such as Broda and Weinstein (2006) are counteracted by exactly analogous domestic variety losses. Similarly, we show that the domestic productivity gains measured in studies such as Trefler (2004) are counteracted by exactly analogous import productivity losses. We then account for all these gains and losses in an application to the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement and show that Canada actually experienced net "new" losses from trade.