Union Work Rules and Efficiency in the Building Trades
利用两种不同类型建筑的微观数据，比较工会与非工会承包商及分包商的要素需求弹性，发现工会对劳动技能类别间的替代弹性和自身价格弹性有显著降低作用。
This paper estimates the effect of union work rules in the building trades on employment and costs by comparing factor demand elasticities for union and nonunion contractors and subcontractors over micro data from two different types of construction. The results show that the elasticities of substitution between labor and nonlabor inputs and own-price elasticities for nonlabor inputs are about the same for union and nonunion contractors. In contrast, the elasticities of substitution among different skill categories of labor and the own-price elasticities for each category are much lower under unionism.