Beauty and the Labor Market
利用面试官对受访者外貌的评分，研究发现相貌平平者收入比普通人低5%-10%，而美貌者收入更高；这种效应在男性中至少与女性一样大，且不因职业不同而改变，暗示存在纯粹的雇主歧视。
The authors examine the impact of looks on earnings using interviewers' ratings of respondents' physical appearance. Plain people earn less than average-looking people, who earn less than the good-looking. The plainness penalty is 5 to 10 percent, slightly larger than the beauty premium. Effects for men are at least as great as for women. Unattractive women have lower labor-force participation rates and marry men with less human capital. Better-looking people sort into occupations where beauty may be more productive but the impact of individuals' looks is mostly independent of occupation, suggesting the existence of pure employer discrimination. Copyright 1994 by American Economic Association.