Africa's export structure in a comparative perspective
基于赫克歇尔-俄林贸易理论，对跨国数据的经济计量分析表明，非洲出口集中于未加工初级产品的主要原因是教育水平低和自然资源丰富。对多数非洲国家而言，提高所有部门尤其是自然资源部门的出口总量是首要任务。
Cross-country econometric analysis informed by Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory suggests that the concentration of Africa’s exports on unprocessed primary products is caused largely by the region’s combination of low levels of education and abundant natural resources. In some African countries, the share of manufactures in exports could be raised by improving infrastructure and policies. For most of Africa, however, the highest priority is to raise the absolute level of exports in all sectors, and particularly in sectors based on natural resources, following a development path more like that of land-abundant America than that of land-scarce Asia.