Competition in the presence of individual demand uncertainty
构建了一个差异化产品市场中存在个体需求不确定性的寡头竞争模型，发现企业会提供提前购买折扣，且折扣幅度大于垄断情形；竞争通过增加提前购买的消费者比例降低了福利。
This article offers a tractable model of (oligopolistic) competition in differentiated product markets characterized by individual demand uncertainty. The main result shows that, in equilibrium, firms offer advance purchase discounts and that these discounts are larger than in the monopolistic benchmark. Competition reduces welfare by increasing the fraction of consumers who purchase in advance, that is, without (full) knowledge of their preferences.