Are Banks Really Special? New Evidence from the FDIC-Induced Failure of Healthy Banks
研究发现银行倒闭会导致县级实际收入持续显著下降，且健康银行倒闭同样对经济活动有负面效应，挑战了银行特殊性的传统观点。
Recent bank failures are followed by significant and permanent negative declines in real county income. These declines are larger for small failures than for large failures per dollar of assets, are larger for bank failures than thrift failures, and are larger for bank closures than assisted mergers. More interestingly, the failure of even healthy banks has significant and permanent negative effects on economic activity.