THE HARDER THE TASK, THE HIGHER THE SCORE: FINDINGS OF A DIFFICULTY BIAS
研究发现体操裁判存在“难度偏见”，即运动员尝试更难动作时，即使难度与执行分开评分，执行分也会更高，这为理解评分偏差提供了新证据。
Studies have found that going first or last in a sequential order contest leads to a biased outcome, commonly called order bias (or primacy and recency). Studies have also found that judges have a tendency to reward contestants they recognize with additional points, called reference bias. Controlling for known biases, we test for a new type of bias we refer to as “difficulty bias,” which reveals that athletes attempting more difficult routines receive higher execution scores, even when difficulty and execution are judged separately. Despite some identification challenges, we add to the literature by finding strong evidence of a difficulty bias in gymnastics. We also provide generalizations beyond athletics .