The Rise of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change, and Economic Growth
认为1500年后西欧的崛起主要源于大西洋沿岸国家与新大陆、非洲和亚洲的贸易及殖民主义，这种贸易通过制度变迁间接促进了经济增长，尤其是在初始政治制度对君主权力有制约的国家。
The rise of Western Europe after 1500 is due largely to growth in countries with access to the Atlantic Ocean and with substantial trade with the New World, Africa, and Asia via the Atlantic. This trade and the associated colonialism affected Europe not only directly, but also indirectly by inducing institutional change. Where “initial” political institutions (those established before 1500) placed significant checks on the monarchy, the growth of Atlantic trade strengthened merchant groups by constraining the power of the monarchy, and helped merchants obtain changes in institutions to protect property rights. These changes were central to subsequent economic growth.