Meta-Analysis of Present-Bias Estimation using Convex Time Budgets
汇总了28篇使用凸时间预算方法的研究中的220个现时偏好估计值，发现人们普遍存在现时偏好，但不同研究间差异很大，且存在一定程度的报告偏倚。
Abstract We examine 220 estimates of the present-bias parameter from 28 articles using the Convex Time Budget protocol. The literature shows that people are on average present-biased, but estimates exhibit substantial heterogeneity across studies. There is evidence of modest selective reporting in the direction of over-reporting present bias. The primary source of heterogeneity is the type of reward, either monetary or non-monetary, but this effect is weakened after correcting for selective reporting. In studies using monetary rewards, the delay until the issue of the reward associated with the ‘current’ time period influences estimates of the present-bias parameter.